We determined that CBP likely did not act in direct response to the Sandia report, but it has instituted many border security programs and operations that align with the report’s recommendations. However, our review and analysis of these reports also highlighted some continuing challenges to CBP in its efforts to secure the southwest border. In particular, CBP does not measure the effectiveness of its programs and operations well; therefore, it continues to invest in programs and act without the benefit of the feedback needed to help ensure it uses resources wisely and improves border security.  CBP also faces program management challenges in planning, resource allocation, infrastructure and technology acquisition, and overall efficiency.  Finally, coordination and communication with both internal and external stakeholders could be improved.  This final report does not contain recommendations.